Protoplasmic astrocytes exhibit a specific cellular morphology characterized by numerous short, highly branched processes that extend from their cell body, giving them a star-shaped appearance. This morphology allows for extensive communication and interaction with other cells in the brain, including neurons and other astrocytes.

The highly branched processes of protoplasmic astrocytes form a dense network of connections that are involved in various functions such as regulating the extracellular environment, promoting synaptogenesis, and providing metabolic support to neurons. The processes of protoplasmic astrocytes are also involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier, which helps to protect the brain from potentially harmful substances.

Protoplasmic astrocytes are found predominantly in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and are involved in various neurological processes such as synaptic transmission, plasticity, and homeostasis. They play a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the central nervous system, and alterations in their morphology and function have been implicated in various neurological disorders.