Müller cells are specialized glial cells found in the retina of the eye. They are named after the German physiologist Heinrich Müller who first described them in 1851.

Müller cells have several important functions in the retina. They provide structural support to the retina and help maintain the proper alignment of retinal cells. They also regulate the extracellular environment of the retina by removing excess neurotransmitters and ions, and supplying nutrients and energy to retinal cells. Additionally, they play a role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-retina barrier, which helps to protect the retina from harmful substances in the blood.

One of the most interesting features of Müller cells is their ability to generate electrical signals called electroretinograms (ERGs). These signals can be measured using specialized equipment and can provide important diagnostic information about the health of the retina.

Müller cells have also been found to have a role in some retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment. In these conditions, Müller cells can become activated and contribute to the development and progression of the disease.

Overall, Müller cells are important cells in the retina with multiple functions that contribute to the health and function of the eye.